diff --git a/app/Config/Constants.php b/app/Config/Constants.php
index 7498a57..15b2988 100644
--- a/app/Config/Constants.php
+++ b/app/Config/Constants.php
@@ -95,7 +95,6 @@ define('EVENT_PRIORITY_HIGH', 10);
 
 //Default값 정의
 define('DEFAULTS', [
-    'EMPTY' => "",
     'DELIMITER_FILE' => "||",
     'DELIMITER_ROLE' => ",",
 ]);
diff --git a/app/Controllers/CommonController.php b/app/Controllers/CommonController.php
index 439ec22..6820a7f 100644
--- a/app/Controllers/CommonController.php
+++ b/app/Controllers/CommonController.php
@@ -429,11 +429,7 @@ abstract class CommonController extends BaseController
         //조건절 처리
         foreach ($filter_fields as $field) {
             $this->$field = $this->request->getVar($field);
-            echo "<BR>";
-            echo "1{$field}:{$this->$field}";
-            echo "<BR>";
             if (!is_null($this->$field)) {
-                echo "2{$field}:{$this->$field}";
                 $this->getService()->getModel()->where($this->getService()->getModel()->getTable() . '.' . $field, $this->$field);
             }
         }
@@ -488,12 +484,12 @@ abstract class CommonController extends BaseController
         //Pagination 처리
         $this->pagination = $this->getPaginationForList();
         //OrderBy 처리
-        $this->order_field = $this->request->getVar('order_field') ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
-        $this->order_value = $this->request->getVar('order_value') ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
-        if ($this->order_field !== DEFAULTS['EMPTY'] && $this->order_value !== DEFAULTS['EMPTY']) {
-            $this->getService()->getModel()->orderBy(sprintf("%s.%s %s", $this->getService()->getModel()::TABLE, $this->order_field, $this->order_value));
+        $this->order_field = $this->request->getVar('order_field');
+        $this->order_value = $this->request->getVar('order_value');
+        if ($this->order_field && $this->order_value) {
+            $this->getService()->getModel()->orderBy(sprintf("%s.%s %s", $this->getService()->getModel()->getTable(), $this->order_field, $this->order_value));
         } else {
-            $this->getService()->getModel()->orderBy(sprintf("%s.%s %s", $this->getService()->getModel()::TABLE, $this->getService()->getModel()::PK, "DESC"));
+            $this->getService()->getModel()->orderBy(sprintf("%s.%s %s", $this->getService()->getModel()->getTable(), $this->getService()->getModel()->getPKField(), "DESC"));
         }
         $this->getService()->getModel()->limit($this->per_page);
         $this->getService()->getModel()->offset(($this->page - 1) * $this->per_page);
diff --git a/app/Helpers/AuthHelper.php b/app/Helpers/AuthHelper.php
index 846ff27..01071a6 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/AuthHelper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/AuthHelper.php
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class AuthHelper extends CommonHelper
         if (in_array($viewDatas['action'], ['create', 'modify'])) {
             $extras = (strpos($viewDatas['field_rules'][$field], 'required') !== false) ? ["class" => "form-control", "required" => "", ...$extras] : ["class" => "form-control", ...$extras];
         }
-        $value = $value ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
         switch ($field) {
             case 'id':
             case 'passwd':
diff --git a/app/Helpers/CommonHelper.php b/app/Helpers/CommonHelper.php
index 9a2df28..6009640 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/CommonHelper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/CommonHelper.php
@@ -184,7 +184,6 @@ class CommonHelper
     if (in_array($viewDatas['action'], ['create', 'modify'])) {
       $extras = (strpos($viewDatas['field_rules'][$field], 'required') !== false) ? ["class" => "form-control", "required" => "", ...$extras] : ["class" => "form-control", ...$extras];
     }
-    $value = $value ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
     switch ($field) {
       case 'email':
         $form = form_input($field, $value, ["placeholder" => "예)test@example.com", ...$extras]);
@@ -239,7 +238,7 @@ class CommonHelper
 
   public function getFieldView(string $field, array $viewDatas, array $extras = []): string
   {
-    $value = $viewDatas['entity']->$field ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
+    $value = $viewDatas['entity']->$field;
     switch ($field) {
       case $this->getTitleField():
         $value = form_label(
@@ -300,6 +299,7 @@ class CommonHelper
   {
     return $entity->isMatched($field, $value) ? "" : 'class="table-danger"';
   }
+
   public function getListLabel(string $field, array $viewDatas, array $extras = []): string
   {
     switch ($field) {
diff --git a/app/Helpers/Customer/ClientHelper.php b/app/Helpers/Customer/ClientHelper.php
index bb9cff9..91a38cd 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/Customer/ClientHelper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/Customer/ClientHelper.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class ClientHelper extends CustomerHelper
     }
     public function getFieldView(string $field, array $viewDatas, array $extras = []): string
     {
-        $value = $viewDatas['entity']->$field ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
+        $value = $viewDatas['entity']->$field;
         switch ($field) {
             case 'account_balance':
             case 'coupon_balance':
diff --git a/app/Helpers/Device/DeviceHelper.php b/app/Helpers/Device/DeviceHelper.php
index 06f200e..a2fd23d 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/Device/DeviceHelper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/Device/DeviceHelper.php
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ class DeviceHelper extends CommonHelper
     if (in_array($viewDatas['action'], ['create', 'modify'])) {
       $extras = (strpos($viewDatas['field_rules'][$field], 'required') !== false) ? ["class" => "form-control", "required" => "", ...$extras] : ["class" => "form-control", ...$extras];
     }
-    $value = $value ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
     switch ($field) {
       case "serverinfo_uid":
         if (!is_array($viewDatas['field_options'][$field])) {
diff --git a/app/Helpers/MyLogHelper.php b/app/Helpers/MyLogHelper.php
index 9763be3..ac7a042 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/MyLogHelper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/MyLogHelper.php
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class MyLogHelper extends CommonHelper
 
     public function getFieldView(string $field, array $viewDatas, array $extras = []): string
     {
-        $value = $viewDatas['entity']->$field ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
+        $value = $viewDatas['entity']->$field;
         switch ($field) {
             case 'content':
                 $value = nl2br($value);
diff --git a/app/Helpers/UserHelper.php b/app/Helpers/UserHelper.php
index dc02803..43a5e42 100644
--- a/app/Helpers/UserHelper.php
+++ b/app/Helpers/UserHelper.php
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class UserHelper extends CommonHelper
         if (in_array($viewDatas['action'], ['create', 'modify'])) {
             $extras = (strpos($viewDatas['field_rules'][$field], 'required') !== false) ? ["class" => "form-control", "required" => "", ...$extras] : ["class" => "form-control", ...$extras];
         }
-        $value = $value ?? DEFAULTS['EMPTY'];
         switch ($field) {
             case 'passwd':
             case 'confirmpassword':
diff --git a/app/Views/templates/admin/index_content_batchjob.php b/app/Views/templates/admin/index_content_batchjob.php
index 870ddf6..b1b512d 100644
--- a/app/Views/templates/admin/index_content_batchjob.php
+++ b/app/Views/templates/admin/index_content_batchjob.php
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
     <ul class="nav justify-content-center">
         <li class="nav-item"><?= form_checkbox(array("id" => "batchjobuids_checkbox")) ?>ALL</li>
         <?php foreach ($viewDatas['batchjob_fields'] as $field): ?>
-            <?= $viewDatas['helper']->getFieldForm($field, DEFAULTS['EMPTY'], $viewDatas, ['data-batchjob' => 'true']) ?>
+            <?= $viewDatas['helper']->getFieldForm($field, null, $viewDatas, ['data-batchjob' => 'true']) ?>
         <?php endforeach ?>
         <li class="nav-item"><?= $viewDatas['helper']->getListButton('batchjob', $viewDatas) ?></li>
         <li class="nav-item"><?= $viewDatas['helper']->getListButton('create', $viewDatas) ?></li>