diff --git a/app/Entities/BoardEntity.php b/app/Entities/BoardEntity.php
index 252f2a4..2fac782 100644
--- a/app/Entities/BoardEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/BoardEntity.php
@@ -12,29 +12,31 @@ class BoardEntity extends CommonEntity
     protected array $nullableFields = [
         'user_uid',
         'worker_uid',
-    ];
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'user_uid' => null,
-        'worker_uid' => null,
-        'category' => '',
-        'title' => '',
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => ''
+        'content',
     ];
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'user_uid',
+            'worker_uid',
+        ];
     }
-    public function getUserUid(): int|null
+    public function getUserUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->user_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->user_uid;
     }
-    public function getWorkerUid(): int|null
+    public function getWorkerUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->worker_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->worker_uid;
     }
     public function getCaregory(): string
     {
-        return $this->category ?? "";
+        return $this->category;
+    }
+    public function getContent(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->category;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/CommonEntity.php b/app/Entities/CommonEntity.php
index 578b6f8..4a452d1 100644
--- a/app/Entities/CommonEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/CommonEntity.php
@@ -3,90 +3,118 @@
 namespace App\Entities;
 
 use CodeIgniter\Entity\Entity;
+use DateTime;
 
 abstract class CommonEntity extends Entity
 {
-    protected $datamap = [];
+    /**
+     * 날짜 필드
+     */
     protected $dates = ['created_at', 'updated_at', 'deleted_at'];
 
     /**
-     * 이 엔티티에서 "빈문자/공백 입력은 NULL로 저장"해야 하는 필드 목록.
-     * 기본은 빈 배열이고, 각 Entity에서 필요한 것만 override해서 채우면 됨.
+     * 빈 문자열을 NULL로 변환할 필드
+     * 각 Entity에서 override 해서 사용
      */
     protected array $nullableFields = [];
 
+    /**
+     * 생성자
+     */
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
     }
 
-    final public function __get(string $key)
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Magic Getter
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Entity 내부에서도 $this->field 스타일 사용 가능
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    */
+
+    public function __get(string $key)
     {
-        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes)) {
-            return $this->attributes[$key];
-        }
         return parent::__get($key);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * 중요: Entity에 값이 들어오는 "모든 경로" (new Entity($data), fill(), $entity->field=...)
-     * 에서 공통 규칙을 적용하기 위해 __set을 정의.
-     */
-    final public function __set(string $key, $value = null)
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Magic Setter
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    */
+
+    public function __set(string $key, $value = null)
     {
-        if (array_key_exists($key, $this->attributes)) {
-
-            // 이 엔티티에서 NULL로 보정할 필드만 처리 (화이트리스트)
-            if (!empty($this->nullableFields) && in_array($key, $this->nullableFields, true)) {
-                if (is_string($value)) {
-                    $value = trim($value);
-                }
-                $this->attributes[$key] = ($value === '' || $value === null) ? null : $value;
-                return;
-            }
-
-            // 기본: 그대로 저장
-            $this->attributes[$key] = $value;
-            return;
+        // 1️⃣ 문자열 trim
+        if (is_string($value)) {
+            $value = trim($value);
         }
 
+        // 2️⃣ nullable 처리
+        if (in_array($key, $this->nullableFields, true)) {
+            if ($value === '' || $value === null) {
+                $value = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 3️⃣ 날짜 자동 변환
+        // if (in_array($key, $this->dates, true)) {
+        //     if (is_string($value) && $value !== '') {
+        //         $value = new DateTime($value);
+        //     }
+        // }
+
+        // ✅ 반드시 부모 __set 호출
         parent::__set($key, $value);
     }
 
-    final public function getPK(): int|string
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | 공통 Getter들 (모두 property 스타일 사용)
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    */
+    final public function getPK(): int|string|null
     {
-        $field = constant("static::PK");
-        return $this->attributes[$field] ?? "";
+        $field = constant('static::PK');
+        return $this->$field;
     }
 
-    final public function getTitle(): string
+    final public function getTitle(): ?string
     {
-        $field = constant("static::TITLE");
-        return $this->attributes[$field] ?? "";
-    }
-
-    public function getCustomTitle(): string
-    {
-        return $this->getTitle();
+        $field = constant('static::TITLE');
+        return $this->$field;
     }
 
     final public function getStatus(): string
     {
-        return $this->status ?? "";
-    }
-
-    final public function getUpdatedAt(): string
-    {
-        return $this->updated_at ?? "";
+        return $this->status;
     }
 
     final public function getCreatedAt(): string
     {
-        return $this->created_at ?? "";
+        return $this->created_at;
     }
 
-    final public function getDeletedAt(): string
+    final public function getUpdatedAt(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->deleted_at ?? "";
+        return $this->updated_at;
     }
-}
+
+    final public function getDeletedAt(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->deleted_at;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Override Getter들 (모두 property 스타일 사용)
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    */
+
+    public function getCustomTitle(): string
+    {
+        return (string) $this->getTitle();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/ClientEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/ClientEntity.php
index f390579..7722ff4 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/ClientEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/ClientEntity.php
@@ -9,36 +9,19 @@ class ClientEntity extends CustomerEntity
     const PK = ClientModel::PK;
     const TITLE = ClientModel::TITLE;
 
-    protected array $nullableFields = [
-        'id',
-        'passwd',
-    ];
-
-    // ✅ role은 반드시 string 기본값
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'id' => null,
-        'passwd' => null,
-        'site' => '',
-        'name' => '',
-        'phone' => '',
-        'email' => '',
-        'role' => '',   // ✅ [] 금지
-        'account_balance' => 0,
-        'coupon_balance' => 0,
-        'point_balance' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-        'history' => '',
-    ];
-
+    /**
+     * 생성자
+     */
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
     }
 
-    public function getUserUid(): int|null
-    {
-        return $this->user_uid ?? null;
-    }
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Override Getter들 (모두 property 스타일 사용)
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    */
 
     public function getCustomTitle(mixed $title = null): string
     {
@@ -47,32 +30,32 @@ class ClientEntity extends CustomerEntity
 
     public function getName(): string
     {
-        return (string) ($this->attributes['name'] ?? '');
+        return $this->name;
     }
 
     public function getSite(): string
     {
-        return (string) ($this->attributes['site'] ?? '');
+        return $this->site;
     }
 
     public function getAccountBalance(): int
     {
-        return (int) ($this->attributes['account_balance'] ?? 0);
+        return (int) ($this->account_balance ?? 0);
     }
 
     public function getCouponBalance(): int
     {
-        return (int) ($this->attributes['coupon_balance'] ?? 0);
+        return (int) ($this->coupon_balance ?? 0);
     }
 
     public function getPointBalance(): int
     {
-        return (int) ($this->attributes['point_balance'] ?? 0);
+        return (int) ($this->point_balance ?? 0);
     }
 
-    public function getHistory(): string|null
+    public function getHistory(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->attributes['history'] ?? null;
+        return $this->history;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/CustomerEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/CustomerEntity.php
index bea2a44..1a55f16 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/CustomerEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/CustomerEntity.php
@@ -9,5 +9,14 @@ abstract class CustomerEntity extends CommonEntity
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'user_uid',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    final public function getUserUid(): ?int
+    {
+        return $this->user_uid;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/ServiceEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/ServiceEntity.php
index 9af46e5..bcee89a 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/ServiceEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/ServiceEntity.php
@@ -12,85 +12,75 @@ class ServiceEntity extends CustomerEntity
         'serverinfo_uid',
         'end_at'
     ];
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'serverinfo_uid' => null,
-        'code' => '',
-        'title' => '',
-        'site' => '',
-        'location' => '',
-        'rack' => 0,
-        'coupon_balance' => 0,
-        'line' => 0,
-        'billing_at' => '',
-        'sale' => 0,
-        'amount' => 0,
-        'start_at' => '',
-        'end_at' => null,
-        'status' => '',
-        'history' => ''
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'serverinfo_uid',
+            'end_at'
+        ];
+        $this->dates = [
+            ...$this->dates,
+            'start_at',
+            'end_at',
+        ];
     }
-    public function getUserUid(): int|null
+    public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->user_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getServerInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->clientinfo_uid ?? null;
-    }
-    public function getServerInfoUid(): int|null
-    {
-        return $this->serverinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->serverinfo_uid;
     }
     //기본기능용
     public function getCode(): string
     {
-        return $this->code ?? '';
+        return $this->code;
     }
     public function getSite(): string
     {
-        return $this->site ?? '';
+        return $this->site;
     }
     public function getLocation(): string
     {
-        return $this->location ?? '';
+        return $this->location;
     }
     public function getBillingAt(): string
     {
-        return $this->billing_at ?? '';
+        return $this->billing_at;
     }
     //청구금액->기본:상면비+회선비+서버금액(price)+서버파트연결(월비용)-할인액
     //상면비
     public function getRack(): int
     {
-        return $this->rack ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->rack ?? 0);
     }
     //회선비
     public function getLine(): int
     {
-        return $this->line ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->line ?? 0);
     }
     public function getSale(): int
     {
-        return $this->sale ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->sale ?? 0);
     }
     public function getAmount(): int
     {
-        return $this->amount ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->amount ?? 0);
     }
     public function getStartAt(): string
     {
-        return $this->start_at ?? '';
+        return $this->start_at;
     }
-    public function getEndAt(): string|null
+    public function getEndAt(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->end_at ?? null;
+        return $this->end_at;
     }
-    public function getHistory(): string
+    public function getHistory(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->history ?? '';
+        return $this->history;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/AccountEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/AccountEntity.php
index 1977577..6d7e4e4 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/AccountEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/AccountEntity.php
@@ -8,35 +8,35 @@ class AccountEntity extends WalletEntity
 {
     const PK = AccountModel::PK;
     const TITLE = AccountModel::TITLE;
-    protected array $nullableFields = [
-        'alias'
-    ];
-
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'bank' => '',
-        'alias' => null,
-        'issue_at' => '',
-        'amount' => 0,
-        'balance' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => ''
-    ];
+    /**
+     * 생성자
+     */
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'bank',
+            'alias',
+        ];
+        $this->dates = [
+            ...$this->dates,
+            'issue_at',
+        ];
     }
-    //기본기능
-    public function getBank(): string
+
+    public function getBank(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->bank ?? '';
+        return $this->bank;
     }
-    public function getAlias(): string
+
+    public function getAlias(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->alias ?? '';
+        return $this->alias;
     }
+
     public function getIssueAt(): string
     {
-        return $this->issue_at ?? '';
+        return $this->issue_at;
     }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/CouponEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/CouponEntity.php
index db55119..dd62077 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/CouponEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/CouponEntity.php
@@ -6,16 +6,12 @@ use App\Models\Customer\Wallet\CouponModel;
 
 class CouponEntity extends WalletEntity
 {
-
     const PK = CouponModel::PK;
     const TITLE = CouponModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'amount' => 0,
-        'balance' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => ''
-    ];
+
+    /**
+     * 생성자
+     */
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/PointEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/PointEntity.php
index cdb3ce3..21d893d 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/PointEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/PointEntity.php
@@ -8,13 +8,9 @@ class PointEntity extends WalletEntity
 {
     const PK = PointModel::PK;
     const TITLE = PointModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'amount' => 0,
-        'balance' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => ''
-    ];
+    /**
+     * 생성자
+     */
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
diff --git a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/WalletEntity.php b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/WalletEntity.php
index 3a86dcc..21d96ee 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/WalletEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Customer/Wallet/WalletEntity.php
@@ -4,32 +4,44 @@ namespace App\Entities\Customer\Wallet;
 
 use App\Entities\Customer\CustomerEntity;
 
-
 abstract class WalletEntity extends CustomerEntity
 {
+    /**
+     * 생성자
+     */
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'content',
+        ];
     }
-    final public function getUserUid(): int|null
+
+    /*
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    | Getter (절대 attributes 직접 접근하지 않음)
+    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    */
+
+    final public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->user_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
-    {
-        return $this->clientinfo_uid ?? null;
-    }
-    //기본기능
+
     final public function getAmount(): int
     {
-        return $this->amount ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->amount ?? 0);
     }
+
     final public function getBalance(): int
     {
-        return $this->balance ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->balance ?? 0);
     }
-    final public function getContent(): string
+
+    final public function getContent(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->content ?? '';
+        return $this->content;
     }
-}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/app/Entities/Equipment/CHASSISEntity.php b/app/Entities/Equipment/CHASSISEntity.php
index 5c4ea80..e561d66 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Equipment/CHASSISEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Equipment/CHASSISEntity.php
@@ -8,52 +8,41 @@ class CHASSISEntity extends EquipmentEntity
 {
     const PK = CHASSISModel::PK;
     const TITLE = CHASSISModel::TITLE;
-    protected array $nullableFields = [
-        'cpuinfo_uid',
-        'raminfo_uid',
-        'diskinfo_uid',
-    ];
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'price' => 0,
-        'used' => 0,
-        'stock' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-        'cpuinfo_uid' => null,
-        'cpu_cnt' => 0,
-        'raminfo_uid' => null,
-        'ram_cnt' => 0,
-        'diskinfo_uid' => null,
-        'disk_cnt' => 0,
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'cpuinfo_uid',
+            'raminfo_uid',
+            'diskinfo_uid',
+        ];
     }
-    public function getCPUInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getCPUInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->cpuinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->cpuinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getRAMInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getRAMInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->raminfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->raminfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getDISKInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getDISKInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->diskinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->diskinfo_uid;
     }
     //기본기능    
     public function getPrice(): int
     {
-        return $this->price ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->price ?? 0);
     }
     public function getStock(): int
     {
-        return $this->stock ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->stock ?? 0);
     }
     public function getUsed(): int
     {
-        return $this->used ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->used ?? 0);
     }
     public function getAvailable(): int
     {
@@ -61,14 +50,14 @@ class CHASSISEntity extends EquipmentEntity
     }
     public function getCPUCnt(): int
     {
-        return $this->cpu_cnt ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->cpu_cnt ?? 0);
     }
     public function getRAMCnt(): int
     {
-        return $this->ram_cnt ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->ram_cnt ?? 0);
     }
     public function getDISKCnt(): int
     {
-        return $this->disk_cnt ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->disk_cnt ?? 0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Equipment/LineEntity.php b/app/Entities/Equipment/LineEntity.php
index 466c889..026101e 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Equipment/LineEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Equipment/LineEntity.php
@@ -7,47 +7,40 @@ use App\Models\Equipment\LineModel;
 class LineEntity extends EquipmentEntity
 {
     const PK = LineModel::PK;
-    protected array $nullableFields = [
-        'start_at',
-        'end_at',
-    ];
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'type' => '',
-        'protocol' => '',
-        'bandwith' => '',
-        'start_at' => null,
-        'end_at' => null,
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => '',
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'start_at',
+            'end_at',
+        ];
+        $this->dates = [
+            ...$this->dates,
+            'start_at',
+            'end_at',
+        ];
     }
     const TITLE = LineModel::TITLE;
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->type ?? '';
+        return $this->type;
     }
     public function getProtocol(): string
     {
-        return $this->protocol ?? '';
+        return $this->protocol;
     }
     public function getBandwith(): string
     {
-        return $this->bandwith ?? '';
+        return $this->bandwith;
     }
-    public function getStartAt(): string|null
+    public function getStartAt(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->start_at ?? null;
+        return $this->start_at;
     }
-    public function getEndAt(): string|null
+    public function getEndAt(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->end_at ?? null;
-    }
-    public function getContent(): string
-    {
-        return $this->content ?? '';
+        return $this->end_at;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerEntity.php b/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerEntity.php
index 39095fd..cf3f0bc 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerEntity.php
@@ -9,61 +9,35 @@ class ServerEntity extends EquipmentEntity
     const PK = ServerModel::PK;
     const TITLE = ServerModel::TITLE;
 
-    protected array $nullableFields = [
-        'clientinfo_uid',
-        'serviceinfo_uid',
-        'chassisinfo_uid',
-        'switchinfo_uid',
-        'ip',
-        'viewer',
-        'os',
-        'format_at',
-    ];
-
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'clientinfo_uid' => null,
-        'serviceinfo_uid' => null,
-        'chassisinfo_uid' => null,
-        'switchinfo_uid' => null,
-        'code' => '',
-        'title' => '',
-        'type' => '',
-        'ip' => null,
-        'viewer' => null,
-        'os' => null,
-        'price' => 0,
-        'manufactur_at' => '',
-        'format_at' => null,
-        'status' => '',
-    ];
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'serviceinfo_uid',
+            'switchinfo_uid',
+            'ip',
+            'viewer',
+            'os',
+            'format_at',
+        ];
     }
-    final public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        $val = $this->clientinfo_uid ?? null;
-        return ($val === '' || $val === null) ? null : (int) $val;
+        return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        $val = $this->serviceinfo_uid ?? null;
-        return ($val === '' || $val === null) ? null : (int) $val;
+        return $this->serviceinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getChassisInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getChassisInfoUid(): int
     {
-        $val = $this->chassisinfo_uid ?? null;
-        return ($val === '' || $val === null) ? null : (int) $val;
+        return $this->chassisinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getSwitchInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getSwitchInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        $val = $this->switchinfo_uid ?? null;
-        return ($val === '' || $val === null) ? null : (int) $val;
-    }
-    public function setSwitchInfoUid($value)
-    {
-        $this->attributes['switchinfo_uid'] = ($value === '' || $value === null) ? null : (int) $value;
-        return $this;
+        return $this->switchinfo_uid;
     }
 
     //기본기능용
@@ -73,38 +47,36 @@ class ServerEntity extends EquipmentEntity
     }
     final public function getCode(): string
     {
-        return $this->code ?? null;
+        return $this->code;
     }
     public function getType(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->type ?? null;
+        return $this->type;
     }
     public function getIP(): ?string
     {
-        $val = $this->ip ?? null;
-        return ($val === '' || $val === null) ? null : $val;
+        return $this->ip;
     }
 
     public function getViewer(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->viewer ?? null;
+        return $this->viewer;
     }
 
     public function getOS(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->os ?? null;
+        return $this->os;
     }
     public function getPrice(): int
     {
-        return $this->price ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->price ?? 0);
     }
     public function getManufacturAt(): string
     {
-        return $this->manufactur_at ?? '';
+        return $this->manufactur_at;
     }
     public function getFormatAt(): ?string
     {
-        $val = $this->format_at ?? null;
-        return ($val === '' || $val === null) ? null : $val;
+        $this->format_at;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerPartEntity.php b/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerPartEntity.php
index 5c244b1..e804b77 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerPartEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Equipment/ServerPartEntity.php
@@ -15,57 +15,33 @@ class ServerPartEntity extends EquipmentEntity
         'billing_at',
         'extra',
     ];
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'clientinfo_uid' => null,
-        'part_uid' => null,
-        'serviceinfo_uid' => null,
-        'title' => '',
-        'type' => '',
-        'billing' => '',
-        'billing_at' => null,
-        'cnt' => 0,
-        'amount' => 0,
-        'extra' => null,
-    ];
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'part_uid',
+            'serviceinfo_uid',
+            'billing_at',
+            'extra',
+        ];
     }
-    public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->clientinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function setClientinfoUid($value)
+    public function getServiceInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        $this->attributes['clientinfo_uid'] = ($value === '' || $value === null) ? null : (int) $value;
-        return $this;
+        return $this->serviceinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getServiceInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getServerInfoUid(): int
     {
-        return $this->serviceinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->serverinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function setServiceinfoUid($value)
+    public function getPartUid(): ?int
     {
-        $this->attributes['serviceinfo_uid'] = ($value === '' || $value === null) ? null : (int) $value;
-        return $this;
-    }
-    public function getServerInfoUid(): int|null
-    {
-        return $this->serverinfo_uid ?? null;
-    }
-    public function setServerinfoUid($value)
-    {
-        $this->attributes['serverinfo_uid'] = ($value === '' || $value === null) ? null : (int) $value;
-        return $this;
-    }
-    public function getPartUid(): int|null
-    {
-        return $this->part_uid ?? null;
-    }
-    public function setPartUid($value)
-    {
-        $this->attributes['part_uid'] = ($value === '' || $value === null) ? null : (int) $value;
-        return $this;
+        return $this->part_uid;
     }
     //기본기능용
     public function getCustomTitle(): string
@@ -78,26 +54,26 @@ class ServerPartEntity extends EquipmentEntity
     }
     public function getType(): string
     {
-        return $this->type ?? "";
+        return $this->type;
     }
     public function getBilling(): string
     {
-        return $this->billing ?? "";
+        return $this->billing;
     }
-    public function getBillingAt(): string|null
+    public function getBillingAt(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->billing_at ?? null;
+        return $this->billing_at;
     }
     public function getCnt(): int
     {
-        return $this->cnt ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->cnt ?? 0);
     }
     public function getAmount(): int
     {
-        return $this->amount ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->amount ?? 0);
     }
-    public function getExtra(): string|null
+    public function getExtra(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->extra ?? null;
+        return $this->extra;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/MylogEntity.php b/app/Entities/MylogEntity.php
index 1be3558..567a5d8 100644
--- a/app/Entities/MylogEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/MylogEntity.php
@@ -11,20 +11,14 @@ class MylogEntity extends CommonEntity
     protected array $nullableFields = [
         'user_uid',
     ];
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'user_uid' => null,
-        'title' => '',
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => ''
-    ];
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
     }
     //공통부분
     //Common Function
-    public function getUserUid(): int|null
+    public function getUserUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->user_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->user_uid;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/CSEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/CSEntity.php
index d2eb2a9..ef1990c 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/CSEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/CSEntity.php
@@ -8,43 +8,44 @@ class CSEntity extends PartType2Entity
 {
     const PK = CSModel::PK;
     const TITLE = CSModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'type' => '',
-        'ip' => '',
-        'accountid' => '',
-        'domain' => '',
-        'price' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'serviceinfo_uid',
+            'serverinfo_uid',
+            'accountid',
+            'domain',
+        ];
     }
     //기본기능   
-    final public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
         return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): ?int
     {
         return $this->serviceinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServerInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServerInfoUid(): ?int
     {
         return $this->serverinfo_uid;
     }
     public function getIP(): string
     {
-        return $this->ip ?? '';
+        return $this->ip;
     }
     //기본기능    
-    public function getAccountID(): string
+    public function getAccountID(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->accountid ?? "";
+        return $this->accountid;
     }
-    public function getDomain(): string
+    public function getDomain(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->domain ?? "";
+        return $this->domain;
     }
     //abstract 선언처리용
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/DISKEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/DISKEntity.php
index 4b42f5e..aaec151 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/DISKEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/DISKEntity.php
@@ -8,14 +8,7 @@ class DISKEntity extends PartType1Entity
 {
     const PK = DISKModel::PK;
     const TITLE = DISKModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'used' => 0,
-        'price' => 0,
-        'stock' => 0,
-        'format' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/IPEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/IPEntity.php
index bce977b..afdcc68 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/IPEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/IPEntity.php
@@ -8,46 +8,46 @@ class IPEntity extends PartType3Entity
 {
     const PK = IPModel::PK;
     const TITLE = IPModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'used' => 0,
-        'price' => 0,
-        'stock' => 0,
-        'ip' => '',
-        'status' => '',
-        'content' => '',
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'old_clientinfo_uid',
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'serviceinfo_uid',
+            'serverinfo_uid',
+            'content',
+        ];
     }
-    public function getLineInfoUID(): int|null
+    public function getLineInfoUID(): int
     {
-        return $this->lineinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->lineinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getOldClientInfoUID(): int|null
+    public function getOldClientInfoUID(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->old_clientinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->old_clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
         return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): ?int
     {
         return $this->serviceinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServerInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServerInfoUid(): ?int
     {
         return $this->serverinfo_uid;
     }
     //기본기능    
     public function getIP(): string
     {
-        return $this->ip ?? "";
+        return $this->ip;
     }
-    public function getContent(): string
+    public function getContent(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->content ?? "";
+        return $this->content;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/PartEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/PartEntity.php
index efec0ec..09b5d00 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/PartEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/PartEntity.php
@@ -19,6 +19,6 @@ abstract class PartEntity extends CommonEntity
     }
     final public function getPrice(): int
     {
-        return $this->price ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->price ?? 0);
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/PartType1Entity.php b/app/Entities/Part/PartType1Entity.php
index 32c5ac6..c7c399f 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/PartType1Entity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/PartType1Entity.php
@@ -2,17 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace App\Entities\Part;
 
-use App\Models\Part\CPUModel;
-
 class PartType1Entity extends PartEntity
 {
-  protected $attributes = [
-    'title' => '',
-    'used' => 0,
-    'price' => 0,
-    'stock' => 0,
-    'status' => '',
-  ];
   public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
   {
     parent::__construct($data);
@@ -20,11 +11,11 @@ class PartType1Entity extends PartEntity
   //기본기능    
   final public function getStock(): int
   {
-    return $this->stock ?? 0;
+    return (int) ($this->stock ?? 0);
   }
   final public function getUsed(): int
   {
-    return $this->used ?? 0;
+    return (int) ($this->used ?? 0);
   }
   final public function getAvailable(): int
   {
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/RAMEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/RAMEntity.php
index 643c4ef..834d066 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/RAMEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/RAMEntity.php
@@ -8,13 +8,7 @@ class RAMEntity extends PartType1Entity
 {
     const PK = RAMModel::PK;
     const TITLE = RAMModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'title' => '',
-        'used' => 0,
-        'price' => 0,
-        'stock' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/SOFTWAREEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/SOFTWAREEntity.php
index d2f432d..7dd3c31 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/SOFTWAREEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/SOFTWAREEntity.php
@@ -8,4 +8,10 @@ class SOFTWAREEntity extends PartType1Entity
 {
     const PK = SOFTWAREModel::PK;
     const TITLE = SOFTWAREModel::TITLE;
+
+    public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($data);
+    }
+    //기본기능 
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/Part/SWITCHEntity.php b/app/Entities/Part/SWITCHEntity.php
index f7a32ef..586253e 100644
--- a/app/Entities/Part/SWITCHEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/Part/SWITCHEntity.php
@@ -8,29 +8,31 @@ class SWITCHEntity extends PartType3Entity
 {
     const PK = SWITCHModel::PK;
     const TITLE = SWITCHModel::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'code' => 0,
-        'price' => 0,
-        'status' => '',
-    ];
+
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'serviceinfo_uid',
+            'serverinfo_uid',
+        ];
     }
-    final public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->clientinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServiceInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->serviceinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->serviceinfo_uid;
     }
-    final public function getServerInfoUid(): int|null
+    final public function getServerInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->serverinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->serverinfo_uid;
     }
     public function getCode(): string
     {
-        return $this->code ?? "";
+        return $this->code;
     }
 }
diff --git a/app/Entities/PaymentEntity.php b/app/Entities/PaymentEntity.php
index 4fb95e2..11f392c 100644
--- a/app/Entities/PaymentEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/PaymentEntity.php
@@ -28,22 +28,30 @@ class PaymentEntity extends CommonEntity
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'clientinfo_uid',
+            'serviceinfo_uid',
+            'serverpartinfo_uid',
+            'pay',
+            'content',
+        ];
     }
-    public function getUserUid(): int|null
+    public function getUserUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->user_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->user_uid;
     }
-    public function getClientInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getClientInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->clientinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->clientinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getServiceInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getServiceInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->serviceinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->serviceinfo_uid;
     }
-    public function getServerPartInfoUid(): int|null
+    public function getServerPartInfoUid(): ?int
     {
-        return $this->serverpartinfo_uid ?? null;
+        return $this->serverpartinfo_uid;
     }
     //기본기능    
     public function getCustomTitle(): string
@@ -52,27 +60,27 @@ class PaymentEntity extends CommonEntity
     }
     public function getBilling(): string
     {
-        return $this->billing ?? "";
+        return $this->billing;
     }
     public function getAmount(): int
     {
-        return $this->amount ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->amount ?? 0);
     }
     public function getBillingAt(): string
     {
-        return $this->billing_at ?? "";
+        return $this->billing_at;
     }
     public function getBillingMonth(): int
     {
-        return $this->billing_month ?? 0;
+        return (int) ($this->billing_month ?? 0);
     }
-    public function getPay(): string|null
+    public function getPay(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->pay ?? null;
+        return $this->pay;
     }
-    public function getContent(): string
+    public function getContent(): ?string
     {
-        return $this->content ?? "";
+        return $this->content;
     }
     public function getCountDueAt(): string
     {
diff --git a/app/Entities/UserEntity.php b/app/Entities/UserEntity.php
index 8f936b8..34d524c 100644
--- a/app/Entities/UserEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/UserEntity.php
@@ -10,37 +10,33 @@ class UserEntity extends CommonEntity
     const PK = Model::PK;
     const TITLE = Model::TITLE;
 
-    protected array $nullableFields = [
-        'mobile',
-        // uid 같은 숫자 PK가 nullable이면 여기에 추가
-    ];
-
-    // ✅ role은 반드시 "문자열" 기본값 (DB 저장형)
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'id' => '',
-        'passwd' => '',
-        'name' => '',
-        'email' => '',
-        'mobile' => null,
-        'role' => '',   // ✅ array 금지
-        'status' => '',
-    ];
-
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);
+        $this->nullableFields = [
+            ...$this->nullableFields,
+            'mobile',
+        ];
     }
 
     public function getID(): string
     {
-        return (string) ($this->attributes['id'] ?? '');
+        return $this->id;
     }
 
     public function getPassword(): string
     {
-        return (string) ($this->attributes['passwd'] ?? '');
+        return $this->passwd;
     }
 
+    public function getEmail(): string
+    {
+        return $this->email;
+    }
+    public function getMobile(): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->mobile;
+    }
     /**
      * role을 "배열"로 반환 (DB에는 CSV/JSON/배열 무엇이든 복구)
      */
diff --git a/app/Entities/UserSNSEntity.php b/app/Entities/UserSNSEntity.php
index 01d4201..4f676c0 100644
--- a/app/Entities/UserSNSEntity.php
+++ b/app/Entities/UserSNSEntity.php
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ class UserSNSEntity extends CommonEntity
 {
     const PK = Model::PK;
     const TITLE = Model::TITLE;
-    protected $attributes = [
-        'id' => '',
-        'site' => '',
-        'email' => "",
-    ];
     public function __construct(array|null $data = null)
     {
         parent::__construct($data);